{"id":934,"date":"2019-08-22T12:30:01","date_gmt":"2019-08-22T16:30:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hydrouncertainty.org\/?p=934"},"modified":"2021-01-13T07:33:01","modified_gmt":"2021-01-13T12:33:01","slug":"hallway-conversations-martyn-clark-august-2019","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/hydrouncertainty.org\/2019\/08\/22\/hallway-conversations-martyn-clark-august-2019\/","title":{"rendered":"Hallway Conversations \u2013 Martyn Clark"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

A \u2013Streams of Thought\u2013 contribution by Sina Khatami (SK)<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"Martyn<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Martyn is a Professor of Hydrology at the University of Saskatchewan,\n Associate Director of the University of Saskatchewan\u2019s Centre for \nHydrology and the Canmore Coldwater Laboratory, Editor-in-Chief of Water\n Resources Research, and Fellow of the American Geophysical Union. \nMartyn\u2019s research focuses in three main areas: (i) the developing and \nevaluating process-based hydrologic models; (ii) understanding the \nsensitivity of water resources to climate variability and change; and \n(iii) developing the next generation streamflow forecasting systems. \nMartyn has authored or co-authored over 150 journal articles since \nreceiving his PhD in 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I was in Vienna for EGU 2019 that I realized that Martyn Clark\n (MC) is also coming. I decided to ask him for an interview, and so I \nsent him an email. As thrilling as the opportunity for me was, I got \nanxious. I was thinking in my head to be professional, ask him \ngood questions, don\u2019t embarrass myself, not to waste his time, etc. Not \nto mention that an interview with a smart and intelligent scientist can \nbe quite intimidating as well.  Martyn accepted my interview request \ncheerfully. As we were chatting over email to set the date and venue to \nmeet, my anxiety morphed into comfort and further excitement. We set the\n meeting details, and his final email to me was \u201cCool bananas.. see you soon.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SK: Can you tell us a little about your background and education?
\n<\/strong>How far back do you like to go?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SK: As far as you like.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ok\u2026 I was born in a small farming community in New Zealand surrounded by an abundance of cows [Martyn laughs<\/em>].\n When I first went to the university, I decided that I wanted to be a \npark ranger, because I loved the outdoors. It turned out that it was not\n for me. I did my undergraduate degree at University of Canterbury, and \nthen my masters there in snow hydrology. That was in the early 1990s. It\n was fun actually because I was at the ski area after it was closed. So,\n they gave me the keys to the ski area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SK: So, you had a private resort to yourself! [I laugh<\/em>]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It wasn\u2019t really a resort. It was a club area. So, they had two rope \ntows. We wore a climbing harness with this contraption called a \u201cnut \ncracker\u201d that you flick on to the rope. And then you lay back and get \ntowed up the mountain. Each of the rope tows is operated by tractor that\n sits in the shed at the bottom of the hill. So, I operated that and you\n know\u2026 that was fun. It was a wonderful place to study the snow surface \nenergy balance and water movement through snow. Then in 1995 I did my \nPhD at the University of Colorado in Boulder. That was going from the \nsite scale to the global scale, because my thesis was on the role of \nsnow cover in the climate system. At that time, I was also doing \nresearch on hydro-climatic variability in the Western USA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After I finished my PhD, I stayed at the Cooperative Institute for \nResearch in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) at the University of \nColorado, which provides a career track for people doing research. I \nsupported myself with soft money for many years there, mostly working on\n developing advanced methods for probabilistic streamflow forecasting in\n snowmelt-dominated river basins. In 2006, I went back to New Zealand to\n build a flood forecasting system; in 2010 I came back to Boulder and \nstarted working at NCAR to build a program on climate and water. In \nDecember of 2018 I moved to University of Saskatchewan in Canmore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SK: What inspired a park ranger enthusiast to become a scientist, particularly a hydrologist?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Well, I haven\u2019t always wanted to be a scientist. My main interest in \ngoing to park ranger school was because I love the mountains. I was \nmostly a mediocre student through most of my high school education. \nBecause I loved going out to the mountains more than studying. Even \nthrough my undergraduate, I was kind of an average type of student, \nbecause I spent a lot of time in the mountains. At that level I didn\u2019t \nreally adhere well to the structure of the education. I didn\u2019t \nnecessarily fit into the box. I originally gravitated towards park \nranger school because I love the outdoors, and studying hydrology was a \nway to study natural processes. I did my master thesis in field research\n in the Southern Alps in New Zealand, which are spectacular. So \noriginally, the science was an excuse to be outdoors but as I was going \nthrough university, I became more interested in the science as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SK: And in this journey of yours, what were the major hurdles\n along the way, and where did you find inspiration to overcome them, to \nbecome who you are now?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I didn\u2019t really experience too many hurdles in the early days. I did \nmy undergraduate degree at the University of Canterbury in New Zealand. I\n decided I wanted to do a Master\u2019s thesis, and I did my masters at the \nsame place. I really enjoyed the research. I had a good support network.\n My advisers were very good at that time. Then when I went to apply for \nPhD programs, I really had no idea what I was doing [we both smile<\/em>].\n So, you know, a lot of it was luck. I looked at two PhD opportunities: \none was at the University of Colorado at Boulder and one at the Arizona \nState University (ASU) in Phoenix. I wrote an application for both of \nthose places. But you know it was a lot of money to apply for those \nschools. I was a poor student in New Zealand, and I didn\u2019t have a lot of\n money. University of Colorado told me that they accepted me the day \nthat I was about to post my application to ASU. So, I kept the money and\n went to Colorado [Martyn laughs<\/em>]. I had no idea really about the difference between those two universities \u2014 but the mountains in Colorado are spectacular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SK: I was about to say\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

MC: It was the right place to land! [he says with a smile<\/em>]\n\n\n\n

SK: Your research spans across a wide range of domains of \nhydrology, hydro-climatology and model development. How did you expand \nyour knowledge and expertise so widely?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the early days, it was more of a random walk. My interests evolved\n into different areas and I pursued opportunities where they were. I \nread a lot. Even when I was doing my master thesis, I read and read and \nread. So, I was able to get a fairly good understanding of the \nliterature and identify what the major science questions are. Later on \nin my career, I\u2019ve been much more strategic than tactical as I was in \nearly stages of my career: thinking about what the big problems are that\n we want to solve, and how we can go for the funding opportunities out \nthere that lead more towards this larger vision\u2026 more of a proactive \napproach, than a reactive one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SK: Over the past few years, you\u2019ve become the \nEditor-in-Chief of WRR (which is an enormous commitment), moved from \npublic sector (NCAR) to academia and from Colorado to the Canadian \nRockies. Each of these decisions are big enough to be a challenge for a \nfew years. So, first, how\u2019re you holding up [I laugh<\/em>]? And what motivated such major changes?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Well these were more sequential than simultaneous [we laugh<\/em>].\n So, let\u2019s deal with them sequentially. I was asked to apply for the \nEditor-in-Chief position for WRR. They had a search committee together \nand they asked me if I would consider doing it. My initial response was no<\/em>.\n Then I thought about it for a while. Two things had happened in that \nyear. First, I was promoted to senior scientist at NCAR, which is the \ntop level there. So, I didn\u2019t have any opportunities for additional \npromotion. And also, I was elected as Fellow of AGU. So, I thought I \nhave kind of established myself in my career and perhaps now is the time\n to give back to the community more. And there was this opportunity. I \nwas weighing all of my commitments and then thinking about how I could \npush the field forward. And I thought, well\u2026 what good can I do? I \nthought if I publish, say, two fewer papers a year and be the WRR \nEditor-in-Chief instead, I can probably do more good and continue along \nmy current trajectory. I was also keen for a new additional challenge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NCAR is federally funded research and development centre and received\n a lot of its funding from government and through NSF (National Science \nFoundation in the USA). The decision to move to the University of \nSaskatchewan was in part because I wanted the broader challenges that \ncomes with the university setting. And it was in part because of the \nfunding that they already had in place with the Canadian government as \npart of the Global Water Futures (https:\/\/gwf.usask.ca\/<\/a>) programs. This really provided the opportunity to achieve a lot of my research ambitions that I\u2019ve had for many years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SK: Have these new roles and changes impacted your research?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Being the WRR Editor-in-Chief gives me a broader perspective. I find \nit easier to identify what the key science questions are that we need to\n address as a community, because I see so much [of the current research \nbeing done].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SK: How many papers do you read on a daily basis?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

MC: It depends how you define read<\/em>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SK: Handle<\/em> let\u2019s say.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Five.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SK: And some of them interest you to look deeper into them?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

We are getting close to 2000 submissions a year. All papers come to \nme, first. Then, I will either ask another editor to handle a paper or I\n handle it myself. So, every paper I will at least skim through to \nfigure out what the topic is, what the research questions are, what the \nconclusions are, check the figures to see to what extent they support \nthe research questions and conclusions. But I read in more detail the \npapers that I handle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SK: Gaining this bigger picture of the research community is \nprobably influencing your own approach to defining new questions, \nparticularly for your new career line at University of Saskatchewan.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yes. For my new career at the University of Saskatchewan at Canmore, a\n wonderful location by the way, we are building up the research program \nthere (https:\/\/uofs-comphyd.github.io\/<\/a>).\n A lot of the research thrusts and the Global Water Futures program are \nthe things that I have been working on over the past twenty years \nanyway. It is dominated by two main application questions: (1) improving\n streamflow forecasting methods, and (2) improving assessments of \nimpacts of climate change on water security. Those are the two applied \nquestions that have guided my research on process understanding, model \ndevelopment, strengthening the link between algorithms and theories, \netc. It is not as if I\u2019m going to a new research area; I\u2019m going into an\n area where I have had an extensive presence for a very long time. So, \nthat part of it is not new. But the part that is forcing me to extend \nmyself a little bit is that the funding available is more than an order \nof magnitude larger than what I ever had before. So, being able to think\n more strategically, like build up a large cadre of postdocs to answer \nthese questions, or how to orchestrate a large research program \u2014 it is \nreally exciting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"canmorePanorama\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

View of one of the mountain ranges near Canmore, showing (l-r) Mt\n Lougheed, the iconic Three Sisters, Ship\u2019s Prow, Mt Lawrence Grassi and\n Ha Ling peak, where the leading photo of this interview was taken <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

SK: Are there any skills you have crossed over from NCAR that\n you developed uniquely within that work environment, but which will now\n contribute to your new role in academia?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I think the Global Water Futures program is unusual in the sense that\n academia does not normally have that large a program. The size of the \nprogram is more similar to what you see in a public setting. So, the \nskills that I had in terms of managing a large team and pushing them \nforward are easily transferable. The skills that I need to learn is \nworking with students. I haven\u2019t had many interactions with students. I \nfinished my PhD in the mid-1990s and at NCAR and other places that I \nworked I supervised postdocs, career scientists and other people like \nthat. I have been able to push those people forward but now I am \nbeginning to work with people who are the beginning of their careers. It\n is something that I don\u2019t have much experience in, and I am really \nlooking forward to it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SK: Looking back at your research career, what do you think your major breakthroughs are and why?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I think my major breakthrough is quite broad. But I can list some \nspecific papers if you want. Developing a more structured approach to \nhydrological model development is something that I\u2019ve been working on \nfor many years. The first paper that I really published in that area was\n my FUSE paper (Clark et al., 2008), working with bucket style models. \nThen my most recent big modelling paper was my SUMMA paper (Clark et \nal., 2015a, 2015b) [both are modelling frameworks that allow a user to \nanalyse the impact of individual modelling decision; such as the choice \nof model structure, the choice of specific flux equations, and the \nchoice of numerical method with which to solve the model equations].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SK: Any interesting or inspiring stories about them that you like to share with younger hydrologists?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I\u2019m not sure if it\u2019s inspiring, but it could be interesting [we both laugh<\/em>].\n I view the SUMMA paper, a two-part paper, as my best paper that I\u2019ve \never written. It\u2019s also the only paper that I ever had rejected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SK: [I laugh hysterically and ask<\/em>] on what grounds was it rejected?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

On philosophical grounds, not on any of the technical details. The \napproach that we were proposing challenged some of the reviewers and the\n reviewers challenged me. But I think that was a good thing. We got a \nreally rigorous review. The reviewers really challenged us to sharpen \nour message.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SK: And you are happy that you had that challenge, because you think it improved the paper?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oh, it really improved the paper a lot. I\u2019m really grateful to the \nreviewers of the paper, to spend the time that they did in order to help\n us strengthen the paper.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SK: How do you describe your research style? Or, what are the\n main elements for you when you\u2019re impressed by a piece of research?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

For me, personally, I\u2019m really interested in making a step change in \nour modelling capabilities. So, most of the major papers that I\u2019m proud \nof have had a gestation period of more than five years. And so, if you \nlook at my publication history \u2014 it\u2019s kind of interesting \u2014 I had no \nfirst-author research publications in the time period of 2011 to 2015, \nwhen I was developing SUMMA. And that can be a little bit dangerous [he laughs<\/em>]\n for people at earlier stages of their career. I really wanted to make a\n major contribution in the way that we develop models. I was worried \nthat a lot of our model development was somewhat ad hoc, and we didn\u2019t \nhave the structure that we needed in order to really understand where \nand what model weaknesses are. I was worried that model evaluation \nwasn\u2019t done in a controlled way and that we really needed a new \nframework in order to push forward in those areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SK: On that note, would you say that creativity and success are correlated or not necessarily?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I think they are. I think you need to be creative, but you also need \nto be bold. So, it depends on how you view creativity. You can view \ncreativity as a clever twist on an existing idea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SK: And what do you exactly mean being bold?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Take the steps that are necessary to advance our capabilities. Don\u2019t \nsettle for incremental advances. Incremental advances are important, but\n they need to be conducted in the context of achieving a larger scale \nchange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SK: What would you identify as the main gaps or big picture \nquestions of hydrological sciences for the coming decades that you think\n early career scientists can pursue?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I think we really need to evolve towards a more interdisciplinary \nEarth System Science approach to modelling. For many years, hydrology \nhas been rooted somewhat in what was called rainfall-runoff modelling. \nThat term is not really applicable anymore, because we now are modelling\n a large number of complex interrelated processes in the terrestrial \nwater cycle. So, multi-process modelling in an Earth System modelling \ncontext, not just focusing on the short-term fluxes but also the \nlonger-term evolution of our systems. Understanding the evolution of \nsoils in the catchment, understanding the evolution of vegetation in the\n catchment and understanding how those slowly varying processes feed \nback on to the higher frequency variability, which has typically been \nthe domain of hydrologists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SK: And this goes back to the SUMMA paper that you mentioned?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Well that\u2019s just a part of the bigger picture. SUMMA has a more \ncomplete representation of the terrestrial hydrological cycle than many \nhydrological models. But many models already have that level of \ncomplexity. SUMMA doesn\u2019t even begin to get into the issues of \nbio-geochemistry, catchment co-evolution, etc., which are going to be \nreally important. What SUMMA does is provides a structured template for \nprocess-based hydrological models which can be extended into the Earth \nsystem modelling framework. But it\u2019s nowhere near complete enough of \nwhat we need moving toward. So, what I\u2019m talking about is not something \nthat we can do in the next couple of years but something that we need \nmuch more concerted effort over the timescales of several decades.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SK: Are there any papers or books that you would like to \nrecommend on this grand idea of expanding the spectrum of processes \nwithin current hydrological models towards Earth system modelling?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The first part of the SUMMA paper (Clark et al., 2015a) provides some\n beginning thoughts in that area but it doesn\u2019t go as far as it needs \nto. We wrote a paper on improving the representation of hydrological \nprocesses on Earth System models (Clark et al., 2015c). That\u2019s really \njust beginning to scratch the surface as well. I think the paper that \neverybody should read is the one by Fan et al. (2019) on providing the \nlink between hillslope hydrology and Earth system modelling that \nprovides lots of pointers in that direction. But it\u2019s funny that you ask\n that. There\u2019s something that I\u2019ve been kind of stewing on for a while, \nwhich is to put together a coherent commentary paper that emphasizes the\n research direction that\u2019s necessary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SK: What are your main hobbies besides work, especially nowadays that you have a lot on your plate?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Well we love the outdoors! As I mentioned to you at the beginning of \nthe interview, I spent a lot of my childhood in the mountains. We were \nriding up our bikes up to the Southern Alps in New Zealand and would go \nbackpacking for several days. Actually, in New Zealand, we call it \ntramping, not backpacking. In New Zealand, and I guess everywhere, there\n were two ways that you could advance. You could graduate from a tramper\n either into a hunter or into a climber. I started getting into a lot of\n climbing and did a lot of rock climbing. That\u2019s been my hobby for many \nyears. That\u2019s kind of decreased over time you know as I\u2019ve got busier \nand as we now have kids, we\u2019ve been looking for activities that were \nmore suitable for the family. But it\u2019s something that I\u2019m beginning to \nget back into\u2026 [he pauses and then says with a smile<\/em>] My strength to weight ratio isn\u2019t quite what it used to be [we both laugh<\/em>],\n so that\u2019s a little bit more challenging. But we have hired a senior \nhydrologist to come to Canmore, and he\u2019s made it clear that he expects \nto be dragging me up mountains and he\u2019s told me in no uncertain terms \nthat I need to get myself in shape before his arrival.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SK: So, how do you manoeuvre between work and life to balance them out?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sometimes poorly. I\u2019ve found what works for me, but this doesn\u2019t work\n for everyone. I do a lot of work in the early mornings. So, I would \noften go to bed quite early and wake up early in the morning. Then a \ncouple of hours of work before breakfast, before the kids get up. When I\n first started WRR, I was getting up at 4:00 a.m. every morning. I did \nthat for a period of time, and then I found that unsustainable. So, it\u2019s\n more like 5:30 or 6, and I really begin to make some progress before \nthe day starts. When our kids were young, it was more difficult to \nbalance work and life. Now that they\u2019re getting older, they\u2019ve got their\n own interests and it\u2019s more acceptable for me to open up the laptop on \nthe couch on the weekend and begin to get some work done.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SK: You\u2019ve pointed out many great things so far, is there any other advice you may have for young hydrologists?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I think I\u2019ve covered a lot of it already. Be bold. Think about how \nyou can really make substantial advances in the research frontier. Be \nstrategic. You need the incremental progress. You need the intermediate \nscale products as you are conducting your research so that you can feed \nthe beast [he smiles<\/em>] and work effectively through the career \ntrack. But those intermediate scale products need to be conducted within\n the context of a larger scale vision. So, really think about defining \nthat vision. Talk about that with your colleagues and keep refining \nthat. And having an idea how your career contributions will really begin\n to make a difference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some guidance would be to think about three levels of strategic \nplanning or technical planning in some respects: (1) what do you want to\n accomplish in your career? In terms of always keeping that and the \nlongest timescale. (2) What\u2019s the thing that you\u2019re going to present at \nthe next conference? Most people are thinking about those two or perhaps\n not giving as much attention to the vision aspects as they should. But \nthe third that often gets neglected based on my interactions with people\n is (3) what are you going to do tomorrow, and the coming week? So, \nbasically organizing your activities on the shorter timescale, so that \nthey are feeding the ambitions that you have on the longer timescales, I\n think is really important.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SK: This might be a somewhat stupid question. Do you have any\n measures to evaluate a good PhD or postdoc? Like the number of their \npublications or good publications in a year, etc.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeah, this has been my problem. I don\u2019t like the way that people are \nbeing judged in academics. There\u2019s a saying that managers know how to \ncount but they don\u2019t know how to read [we both laugh<\/em>]\u2026 In the sense that people are focused too much on outputs<\/em>, like how many papers you published, than outcomes<\/em>.\n I think that things are going to change. I wrote an editorial in WRR on\n the citation impact of hydrology journals (Clark & Hanson, 2017). \nThere I was talking about the need to shift away from quantitative \nassessments to more qualitative assessments to really begin to measure \nhow people are making a difference in the community. For me that\u2019s the \nmajor thing. So, if we get back to what would help people get a job, I \ncan tell you what I\u2019m looking for. Yeah, you need some papers to get on \npeople\u2019s radar screen. If you have finished your PhD and you don\u2019t have \nany papers then that\u2019s a red flag. But what you really need, in my mind,\n is to be known for something. That people look at you and say okay that\n person has done X, or that person has accomplished Y. So, the number of\n papers that you\u2019ve written become less important. So, what I\u2019m looking \nfor is what have you done to make a difference in the community. And \nthat\u2019s what a lot of other people are beginning to look for more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SK: I\u2019m curious to know more about this. How would this \nqualitative assessment process work, to assess the impact of a person on\n hydrological sciences or even the broader geosciences?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

You should read the Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA) [https:\/\/sfdora.org\/read\/<\/a>],\n which I also referred to in our 2017 editorial (Clark and Hanson, \n2017). DORA comes up with a set of guidelines for funding agencies, \nuniversities, managers, etc. to show how they can move towards research \nassessment practices that are more fair. It has been picked up by a lot \nof different institutions and universities. A lot of it is there. It\u2019s \nmore just changing the structure of the research assessment. You know \nthere\u2019s not going to be one size fits all template that people can use \nbut structuring it in a way that emphasizes the contributions rather \nthan the specific papers. It takes more work, but we should value our \ncolleagues and take the time to really make sure people\u2019s efforts are \ndirected in productive ways.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

About the author<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sina Khatami (@SinaKhatami<\/a>)\n is currently the Secretary of Young Hydrologic Society (YHS) and an \nEditor of YHS Blogs. He is also a committee member of AGU\u2019s Hydrology \nSection Hydrological Uncertainty Technical Committee since 2018, and \nStudent Subcommittee (H3S) since 2017. Correspondence to sina.khatami@unimelb.edu.au<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

References<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Clark, M. P., Slater, A. G., Rupp, D. E., Woods, R. A., Vrugt, J. A.,\n Gupta, H. V., \u2026 & Hay, L. E. (2008). Framework for Understanding \nStructural Errors (FUSE): A modular framework to diagnose differences \nbetween hydrological models. Water Resources Research<\/em>, 44<\/em>(12).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Clark, M. P., Nijssen, B., Lundquist, J. D., Kavetski, D., Rupp, D. \nE., Woods, R. A., \u2026 & Arnold, J. R. (2015a). A unified approach for \nprocess\u2010based hydrologic modeling: 1. Modeling concept. Water Resources Research<\/em>, 51<\/em>(4), 2498-2514.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Clark, M. P., Nijssen, B., Lundquist, J. D., Kavetski, D., Rupp, D. \nE., Woods, R. A., \u2026 & Rasmussen, R. M. (2015b). A unified approach \nfor process\u2010based hydrologic modeling: 2. Model implementation and case \nstudies. Water Resources Research<\/em>, 51<\/em>(4), 2515-2542.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Clark, M. P., Fan, Y., Lawrence, D. M., Adam, J. C., Bolster, D., \nGochis, D. J., \u2026 & Maxwell, R. M. (2015c). Improving the \nrepresentation of hydrologic processes in Earth System Models. Water Resources Research<\/em>, 51<\/em>(8), 5929-5956.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Clark, M. P., & Hanson, R. B. (2017). The citation impact of hydrology journals. Water Resources Research<\/em>, 53<\/em>(6), 4533-4541.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fan, Y., Clark, M., Lawrence, D. M., Swenson, S., Band, L. E., \nBrantley, S. L., \u2026 & Kirchner, J. W. (2019). Hillslope hydrology in \nglobal change research and Earth system modeling. Water Resources Research<\/em>, 55(2), 1737-1772.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A \u2013Streams of Thought\u2013 contribution by Sina Khatami (SK) Martyn is a Professor of Hydrology at the University of Saskatchewan, Associate Director of the University of Saskatchewan\u2019s Centre for Hydrology and the Canmore Coldwater Laboratory, Editor-in-Chief of Water Resources Research, and<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":936,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[1,14],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"http:\/\/hydrouncertainty.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Martyn-on-the-summit-of-Ha-Ling-Peak-Alberta-Canada-e1566491516742.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/hydrouncertainty.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/934"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/hydrouncertainty.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/hydrouncertainty.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/hydrouncertainty.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/hydrouncertainty.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=934"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/hydrouncertainty.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/934\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1082,"href":"http:\/\/hydrouncertainty.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/934\/revisions\/1082"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/hydrouncertainty.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/936"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/hydrouncertainty.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=934"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/hydrouncertainty.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=934"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/hydrouncertainty.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=934"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}